Process of treating food



A BABENDREER.

PROCESS OF TREATING FOOD, APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 11. 19!].

' Patented Jan. 6,1920.

v 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 A. BABENDREER.

PROCESS OF TREATING FOOD. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 17. I917- Patented Jan. 6,1920;

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

1 UNITED snares PATENT orrrcn ALBERT BABENDREER, OF OCEAN SPRINGS, MISSISSIPPI, ASS'IGNOR TO WHOIQE GRAIN WHEAT COMPANY, OF PHOENIX, ARIZONA, A CORPORATION OF ARIZONA.

PROCESS Oli TREATING FOOD.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 17, 1917. Serial No. 19l,792.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it knownthat I, ALBERT BABENDREER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ocean'Springs, in the county of Jackson and State of Mississippi, certain new and useful Improvement in Processes of Treating Foods, of which the following is a specification.

. foods that require cooking so that such foods I panying like Wheat will retainv substantially all of the elements of which they are composed in their natural form without loss thereof through evaporation or other means and also preserve, if desired, the foods in their whole or whole grain form when prepared, and to further preserve them after preparation, through long periods of time, tasty, cheap and healthful and when a grain balanced food having all of the elements necessary for the growth of the body and the preservation thereof in a healthful condition. v

The invention is illustrated in the accomdrawings, wherein Figure 1 is a side elevation in part section showingone form of apparatus for carrying out the process.

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 with parts broken away.

Fig. 3 is ah end view of the device for Y holding thereceptacles in which the food is contained.

Fig-4 is a side elevation of the device illustrated in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the ad ustable end of the valve part which actuates the tank valve.

out the several figures.,

In carrying out the process I place the legume or other material wlth sufficient molsture in a receptacle, preferably the receptacle in which it is sold to the consumer, the receptacle beingonly partially.

filled and hermetically sealed and this receptacle and the materlal is then heated and have invented a .ing, and to make them.

is used, to provide a complete circular rack 7 connectedqvith the tank.

Like numerals refer to like parts throughwhile being heated is moved so as to move the material from one portion thereof to another in order to secure proper and uniform treatment of the different portionsof the material and the proper absorption of moisture by all of the. different portions thereof. The receptacle and material therein are then cooled and are ready for distri- .bution. The process-may be carried out Patented Jan. 6, 1924.

wholly by hand manipulation, but I prefer to provide a suitablemechanism of any desired form by means of which a number of. receptacles'or cans may be simultaneously carried through the process in order to reduce the cost ,of preparing the food. In the accompanying drawings I have shown one form of apparatus for this purpose.

As illustrated in such drawings I provide a tank 1 into which the receptacles containing the food to be treated are placed. This tank is preferably arranged so that it may be rotated, and as illustrated in the drawis mounted upon the rollers 2 and 3. I have shown rollers at each .end. The rollers are preferably grooved, as illustrated, and the revolving tank is provided with the tracks 4 and 5, one at each end, which preferably fit into the grooves of the rollers.

*The tank is rotated in any desired manner,

as by meansof the gear 6 which engagesa.

sired form, size, shape or arrangement. In

order to show a specific construction, the

food may be placed in any desiredreceptacles such, for example, as cans. A suitable amount of the food such as the grain or legume to be treated is placed in each can or receptacle with a suflicient amount of moisture. The moisture may be applied in any desired manner, either before the food is placed in the can or after it is placed in the can. I prefer to take the grain in a raw condition and place a portion' thereof ineach receptacle and also place in such receptacle the desired amount of liquid and then seal the receptacle.

7 Since the grain and I legumes are ripe ormatured, they are ina- 'tacles such an amount of 'sults desired and will form of the frame pieces comparatively dry state, containing only the moisture which matured grain or legumes ordinarily have. -The added moisture during the. cooking process is absorbed by the grain and legumes, and they expand or swell as a result; and hence at the beginning of the process, the receptacles are only partially filled. I prefer to place in the recepthe grain or legumes that .when the cooking is completed, the receptacle will be substantially filled;

and I prefer to add such an amount of mois-- ture that it will be substantially all absorbed by the grain'or legumes when the cooking has been completed. The liquid may be water or any other liquid with which it is desired to treat the food. I refer to use water and salt and sugar in s cient quantities to secure the desired palatability. The liquid may be therefore a solution of the salt and sugar in water or any other treating solution. It is of course evident that the amount of moisture used will depend upon the rebe regulated in accordance with the results. I prefer, however, in treating grain, to use such an amount of moisture that when the wholegrain is treated, this moisture when absorbed will leave them after treatment in their whole form. Many or all of the grains may of course be slightly cracked open but they still retain the whole form of the grain. When the receptacles or cans have the proper amount of material therein and are sealed, they are then placed in the tank 1. For convenience I have shown a particular form of holder for holding these receptacles or cans In Figs. 3 and 4 I have shown one holder which consists of the by connecting piece 11, having open spaces between them. There are removable end pieces-12 and 13 which are made up of the separated strips 14 which are connected with a frame piece which holds them in position. I prefer'to make'b'oth of the ends removable, said ends being held in place by rods 15 having the nuts or removableengaging pieces 16 at both ends thereof. The distance between the end pieces of the holders may be substantially the height of the cans or receptacles, although this distance will of course depend upon the conditions of use.

After the cans or receptacles are placed in these holders, said holders are then, introduced into the tank '1. In the construction shown the tank is provided on the inside with the guide-ways 1 7 and 18 (see Fig. 2) and the receptacle holders, are provided with projections 19 whichfit therein. The projections preferably consist of rollcrs, so that when placed in the ide'- way the holder can be easily move into the tank. Several of the holders are placed in thetank 1 and the tank is then closed in any 9. and. 10 connected together,

lief valve 39 desired manner. In the construction shown the tank is rovided with an end piece 20 hinged at 2l and is also provided with the hinged clamping pieces 22 havingthe nuts 23. The clamping pieces may be moved into the slotted parts 2O (see Fig. 2) and the nuts then tightened to hold the door or end piece in proper position. Some means is provided for heating the tank while the receptacles or cans are contained therein, and any suitable means may be provided. I prefer to heat the tank with a suitable heating agent such as vapor or steam. When this is done the vapor, steam or other heating agent from the pipe 24 may enter through the axis of the tank. I prefer for, this purpose to support that it enters the tank at its axis through a stufiing box 26. The vapor or steam passes from the end27 of the pipes into the chamber 28 and then through pipe 29 to the perforated pipe 30 which extends longitudinally along the tank. These perforated pipes are preferably perforated on both sides so as to distribute the vapor or steam, as shown in Fig. 2 so that it will not directly strike the receptacles or cans in the tank. ,-I prefer to provide the pipe 24 with a flexible section 31 and also with a shut-ofl' valve 32 and a safety valve 33 set so as to automatically open when the pressure reaches a predetermined amount, so as to prevent too great a pressure in the tank 1. I also prefer to ting water-to the 35 with the pipe the same pipe as the steam, by shutting off the valve 32. The water pipe 34 also has a shut off valve36. I may also permit air to enter the tank by means of a pipe 37 which enters the pipe 35 which has a shut off valve 38. The tank 1 may be provided with a re.- which may work simply through pressure or which may be automatically opened at intervals. Under the latter conditions the valve is provided with pipe 34 connected by pipe the pipe upon the support 25 so provide' means for admiti a stem 40, with a spring 41 which normally holds the valve in its closed position." As

the tank rotates the part 42 which causes open-the valve. This arrangement is shown clearly in Fig. 2. In carrying out the process w1th the particular construction shown, the, cans or receptacles are placed in the tank, the tank closed, and the steam .or vapor admitted, preferably at atmospheric stem 40 engages the the stem to move to pressure, the tank being rotated so as to eral pounds say four or five pounds. lhave' not confined myself to any length of time or any particular method of applying the heat,

- valve 39 permits the water of condensation as these factors will vary with the various results desired.

materials treated and the excellent results In most cases, however,

may be secured by heating the cans and the food therein in the tank 1 with steam at atmospheric pressure for several hours, say four hours and then increasingthe pressure to several pounds above atmosphere, say four pounds, and heating with this increased pressure for say one hour, and then cooling. In some cases where there is an excess of treating liquid in the cans or receptacles, as where legumes are being treated, it is desirable to suddenly cool the material while the tank 1 is being rotated. This may be done by inserting a cooling fluid, such as cold water or air or the like. The water may be inserted through pipe 34; and the air or other gas through the pipe 37. With other material, such as grain, the cooling may be gradual. The movement of the cans or receptacles is preferably about a substantially horizontal axis, as this gives the best results, for

horizontal axis, such material is constantly tumbled toward the periphery of the receptacles, and comes in direct contact with the heating surface of thelreceptacle so that the heat penetrates is properly distributed throughout the mass of material. The length of time of the gradual cooling may of course be varied. When vapor or steam is used in. the tank 1 the this water of condensato escape, and hence,

.tion cannot collect in the tank. In order to I have described oer.-

make the matter clear,

of carrying out the tain details and ways process, but it is of course evident that I'am moved "1 terally, 'thej jb lt ia s g; a1

notlimited to' these particular details except as they are set forth in the claims herewith presen d, When it is desired to. insert a cooling fluid or to increasethe pressure in the tank to a pressure above that of the atmosphere, the part 42 which controls the valve 39 may be moved so that the valve stem 40 does not engage it. This may be done by any desired" .One end'of the part1) construction. As shown,

in place by the bo1t, 43-.

through which passes thebolt 45. I'ZWhen'Iit' is desired to' movegthe. part .42 out} of, e gagement with the I valve Q stem, saidpart i o the slot 44.

h r I u e the specification andelaifii is maintained in by rotating or moving the mass of material about a substantially 3. The process of ,ing such in contact with manewhole. grai er ac e: wi e,

e m d s hne iei ae d het on the the term grain, I use it as covering and includingnot only what is ordinarily termed grain, such as wheat, oats, rice, '&c., but

including legumes such and other like food ma tially fill the receptacle, sealing the receptacle and heating the receptacle and con tents, the receptacle being given movementwhile being heated, to mix the grainv and liquid and cause grain and cook it, and coolingthe receptacle and grain, whereby the cooked grain the sealed receptacle without change and with all food elements retained. g

2. The process of treating matured grain to prepare it for food, tially filling a receptacle withthe grain in the-whole grain form and asmall amount of treating liquid consisting of a solution of salt and sugar, heating said receptacle and contents, simultaneously rotating said receptacle to bring the liquid into intimate contact with all the grain and cause the heat to permeate. the

which consists in par-' sealing said receptacle andgrain and cook 1, hereby-the grain is I of the whole grain.

cooking matured I which consists inplacing ja quantity of the,

grain in" thefreceptacle in which it is sold, said, grain partially filling said receptacle, and providing for-said grain,

sealing said receptacle, heating said recepthe interior portion of the gram is brought to the periphery of the receptacle and comes the heated surface thereof to secure a uniform heating, the moving of said receptacle causing a stantially all said liquid is absorbed by-said ain, the grain ceptacle in which f any. material part thereof. I

I gram" thef whole I being expanded thereby to substantially fill the receptacle, whereby said grain is completely cooked in the'sealed'Jreit "s sold, iwithouttheloss v f" [125 i i-The" process of treating-n1 turedf'grain v I io zgtciapreparc it for; ff A Led, which-'fconsists in 1'iartially a portion of treating liquid theamount of said liquiclbek that itis substantiallyall absorbed by said grain during the process ofcooking,

distribution of the treat- *ing 1 iqui.d throughout the mass of 1 the grain,-= the motion of :said receptacle 'beingcontiniied through the cooking process until suba, m m.

completion of the process *the treated grain tained in the sealed receptacle with all its will substantially fill the receptacle, sealing food elements retained.

said receptacle and. heating the receptacle In testimony whereof, I aflix my signaand contents, the receptacle being 'given ture in the presence of twowitnesses this 5 movement while being heated 1130 mix the 28th day'ofAugust, 191

grain and liquid "and cause the eat to perv meate the grain and cook it, the grain when ALBERT BABENDREER' cooked'substantially filling the receptacle, Witnesses: whereby the cooked'grain without material LAMEL M. Downs,

10 change from the whole grainform is main- CHRISTINA DEANS. 

